ELECTRIC CHARGE

  ELECTRIC CHARGE

The charge is the property associated with the matter due to which it produces and experiences electrical and magnetic effects. The excess or deficiency of electrons in a body is the cause of net charge on a body.

Charge is of two types:

(i) Positive charge: It is the deficiency of electrons as compared to protons. 

(ii) Negative charge: It is the excess of electrons as compared to protons.

Properties of charge

• Charge is always associated with mass i.e. without mass there is no charge
• Charge is transferable:- If a charged body is put in contact with another body, then the charge can be transferred to another body.
• Charge leaks from sharp points.
• Charge resides on the surface of the conductor.
• Charge is a scalar quantity:- It represents excess or deficiency of electrons.
• Quantization of charge: charge on anybody is the integral multiple of smallest charge in the universe (e) Q= ±ne with n = 1, 2......
• Charge is invariant i.e. Charge is independent of the frame of reference.
• Charge is conserved. Example pair production.  

Unit of Charge

SI unit of charge : ampere × second i.e. coulomb; Dimension : [A T]

• 1 C =  3 × 10⁹ stat coulomb, 1 absolute - coulomb =10 C, 1 Faraday =96500 C. N

 Conductors & Insulators 

Conductors: Materials in which the outer electrons of each atom or molecule are weakly bound and these electrons are almost free to move throughout the body of the material are known as conductors. 

Insulators: Materials in which all the electrons are tightly bound to their respective atoms or molecules are known as insulators. In insulators, there are very few free electrons. Such materials are also called dielectrics.

For More click below

Electric field

Current Electricity 

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